{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:24:41Z","timestamp":1788272681385,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6481","funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship","award":["DGE 1106400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE 1106400"]}]},{"name":"Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at the Brookhaven National Lab","award":["DE-SC0012704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0012704"]}]},{"name":"Vehicle Technologies Office, of the U.S. Department of Energy","award":["DE-AC02-05CH11231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC02-05CH11231"]}]},{"name":"U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering","award":["DE-SC0012704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0012704"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Metastable pathways allow high rates<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In batteries that allow for fast charging and discharging, lithium usually forms a solid solution with the anode so that the only limiting factor is the ionic diffusion. However, for a lithium titanate (Li\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    Ti\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) anode, the lithium ions interact with two phases and the diffusion is slow in both, but it still shows high-rate capabilities. Zhang\n                    <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n                    used electron energy-loss spectroscopy combined with density functional theory calculations to probe the anomalous behavior. They found that a diffuse interface forms between the starting and ending compositions, Li\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    Ti\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    and Li\n                    <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                    Ti\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and this is what allows the lithium ions to travel quickly.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Science<\/jats:italic>\n                    , this issue p.\n                    <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" issue=\"6481\" page=\"1030\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"367\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.aax3520\">1030<\/jats:related-article>\n                 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