{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T07:36:42Z","timestamp":1792136202868,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6528","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WT109965MA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT109965MA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["216417\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["216417\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["109028\/Z\/15\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["109028\/Z\/15\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre"},{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre"},{"name":"Oxford-UCB Postdoctoral Fellowship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013373","name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013373","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Oxford-Celgene Doctoral Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Vaccines get a help-MAIT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a T cell subset important for mucosal homeostasis. These cells recognize derivatives of microbiota-derived vitamin B2 precursors but can also be activated by certain cytokines in the context of viral infections. Provine\n                    <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n                    report that a leading adenoviral vector vaccine, ChAdOx1, activated MAIT cells in immunized mice (see the Perspective by Juno and O'Connor). This activation required interferon-\u03b1 produced by plasmacytoid dendritic cells as well as monocyte-derived interleukin-18 and tumor necrosis factor. MAIT cell activation positively correlated with vaccine-mediated T cell responses in human subjects, and mice deficient in MAIT cells showed impaired CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell immunity to target antigens after vaccination. This work suggests an additional pathway that could be exploited to enhance the efficacy of vaccines.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Science<\/jats:italic>\n                    , this issue p.\n                    <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" issue=\"6528\" page=\"521\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"371\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.aax8819\">521<\/jats:related-article>\n                    ; see also p.\n                    <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" issue=\"6528\" page=\"460\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"371\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.abf8121\">460<\/jats:related-article>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax8819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T15:10:24Z","timestamp":1611846624000},"page":"521-526","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["MAIT cell activation augments adenovirus vector vaccine immunogenicity"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"371","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9694-2216","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicholas M.","family":"Provine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6837-8881","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ali","family":"Amini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6461-252X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lucy C.","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7958-6961","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandra J.","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Dold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7858-6924","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claire","family":"Hutchings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3678-1836","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laura","family":"Silva Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E. B.","family":"FitzPatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senthil","family":"Chinnakannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9087-9992","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Blanche","family":"Oguti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0442-9280","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Meriel","family":"Raymond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4288-2892","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marta","family":"Ulaszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4815-1495","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fulvia","family":"Troise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nouscom, SRL, Rome, Italy."},{"name":"Ceinge Biotechnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1194-2429","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hannah","family":"Sharpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie B.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine \u2013 Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0699-2373","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Timothy S. 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