{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:22:34Z","timestamp":1790284954255,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6489","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UK Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>A public health catch-22<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In 2016, the serotype 2 component of the oral poliovirus vaccine given to children was withdrawn. This measure was taken to prevent vaccine-associated disease outbreaks caused by mutation in the live attenuated vaccine. Children around the world now have poor immunity to serotype 2 poliovirus because the inactivated vaccine is far less effective and a new oral vaccine is not yet ready. Using a statistical model, Macklin\n                    <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n                    discovered that most current outbreaks of polio in several countries across Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are likely associated with the serotype 2 vaccine strain (see the Perspective by Donlan and Petri). To block transmission when poliovirus outbreaks occur requires deployment of the only tool in the box: the existing live attenuated serotype 2 oral vaccine, which increases the risk of vaccine-derived disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Science<\/jats:italic>\n                    , this issue p.\n                    <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" issue=\"6489\" page=\"401\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"368\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.aba1238\">401<\/jats:related-article>\n                    ; see also p.\n                    <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" issue=\"6489\" page=\"362\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"368\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.abb8588\">362<\/jats:related-article>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba1238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]],"date-time":"2020-03-19T19:09:22Z","timestamp":1584644962000},"page":"401-405","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["Evolving epidemiology of poliovirus serotype 2 following withdrawal of the serotype 2 oral poliovirus vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"368","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3014-7447","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"G. R.","family":"Macklin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK."},{"name":"Polio Eradication, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4892-8022","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"K. M.","family":"O\u2019Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6067-4507","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"N. C.","family":"Grassly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. J.","family":"Edmunds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Mach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polio Eradication, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Santhana Gopala Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polio Eradication, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6242-7796","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A.","family":"Voorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2322-2004","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J. 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