{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T10:34:40Z","timestamp":1790073280276,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6508","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Millions of the world\u2019s poorest people now live in middle-income democracies that, in theory, could use their resources to end extreme poverty. However, citizens in those countries have not succeeded in using the vote to ensure adequate progressive redistribution. Interventions aiming to provide the economically vulnerable with needed resources must go beyond assisting them directly, they must also improve democratic institutions so that vulnerable populations themselves can push their representatives to implement redistributive policies. Here, I review the literature on such interventions and then consider the \u201cdemocracy catch-22\u201d: How can the poor secure greater democratic influence when the existing democratic playing field is tilted against them?<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb4912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T23:10:24Z","timestamp":1599174624000},"page":"1188-1192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Can democracy work for the poor?"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"369","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0090-0987","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rohini","family":"Pande","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Coppedge J. Gerring C. H. Knutsen S. I. Lindberg J. Teorell D. Altman M. Bernhard M. S. Fish A. Glynn A. Hicken A. Luhrmann K. L. Marquardt K. McMann P. Paxton D. Pemstein B. Seim R. Sigman S.-E. Skaaning J. Staton S. Wilson A. Cornell N. Alizada L. Gastaldi H. Gjerl\u00f8w G. Hindle N. Ilchenko L. Maxwell V. Mechkova J. Medzihorsky J. von R\u00f6mer A. Sundstr\u00f6m E. Tzelgov Y.-t. Wang T. Wig D. Ziblatt V-Dem [Country\u2013Year\/Country\u2013Date] Dataset v10 Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project (2020); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23696\/vdemds20.10.23696\/vdemds20","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3441052"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.32.4.173"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Milanovic Global Inequality: A New Approach for the Age of Globalization (Harvard Univ. Press 2016).","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674969797"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1251875"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","unstructured":"E. Ortiz-Ospina \u201cGovernment Spending \u201d OurWorldinData.org (2016); https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/government-spending."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-economics-080511-110917"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.99.4.1218"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.p20171153"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","unstructured":"The Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel \u201cScientific background on the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2019: Understanding development and poverty alleviation\u201d (Tech. Rep. 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Khemani \u201cMaking politics work for development: Harnessing transparency and citizen engagement\u201d (Policy report World Bank 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/089533006776526058"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3069614"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Finan B. A. Olken R. Pande \u201cThe personnel economics of the developing state\u201d in Handbook of Field Experiments E. Duflo A. V. Banerjee Eds. (North Holland 2017) vol. 2 pp. 467\u2013514.","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.hefe.2016.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Besley Principled Agents? The Political Economy of Good Government (Oxford Univ. 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