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In Bangladesh, cholera remains endemic, and natural, clinically relevant infections have been monitored for decades. LeGault\n                    <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>\n                    . investigated the relationship between antiphage defenses and phage counterresponses in human\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    cases. These bacteria have integrative and conjugative elements called SXT ICEs, which are notorious for carrying antibiotic resistance genes but also contain genes that defend bacteria from phage. Phage have their own counterdefense mechanisms. One constitutes a 44\u2013amino acid peptide product in a phage lineage that inhibits the bacterium\u2019s SXT ICE defenses. In a further complication, SXT-ICEs also inhibit the lysogenic phage that transmit\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                    virulence factors, including cholera toxin. 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