{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:10:48Z","timestamp":1790802648382,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":253,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6564","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Ancient DNA traces the history of hepatitis B<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections represent a worldwide human health concern. To study the history of this pathogen, Kocher\n                    <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>\n                    . identified 137 human remains with detectable levels of virus dating between 400 and 10,000 years ago. Sequencing and analyses of these ancient viruses suggested a common ancestor between 12,000 and 20,000 years ago. There is no evidence indicating that HBV was present in the earliest humans as they spread out of Africa; however, HBV was likely present in human populations before farming. Furthermore, the virus was present in the Americas by about 9000 years ago, representing a lineage sister to the viral strains found in Eurasia that diverged about 20,000 years ago. \u2014LMZ\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi5658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T22:02:59Z","timestamp":1634335379000},"page":"182-188","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"374","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9499-6472","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arthur","family":"Kocher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transmission, Infection, Diversification and Evolution Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2012-0782","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luka","family":"Papac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0518-4518","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Barquera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, 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