{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:05:12Z","timestamp":1792047912668,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6590","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In this work, we find that CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells expressing inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are the human equivalent of Ly49\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    regulatory T cells in mice and are increased in the blood and inflamed tissues of patients with a variety of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, these CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells efficiently eliminated pathogenic gliadin-specific CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells from the leukocytes of celiac disease patients in vitro. We also find elevated levels of KIR\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, but not CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    regulatory T cells, in COVID-19 patients, correlating with disease severity and vasculitis. Selective ablation of Ly49\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells in virus-infected mice led to autoimmunity after infection. Our results indicate that in both species, these regulatory CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells act specifically to suppress pathogenic T cells in autoimmune and infectious diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi9591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T10:00:23Z","timestamp":1646733623000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":258,"title":["KIR\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    CD8\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T cells suppress pathogenic T cells and are active in autoimmune diseases and COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"376","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9285-9423","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4300-7854","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maxim","family":"Zaslavsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6305-8467","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yapeng","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6616-2585","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4282-0985","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Sikora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9339-8430","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vincent","family":"van Unen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4049-807X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Asbj\u00f8rn","family":"Christophersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway."},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway."},{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9754-7712","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shin-Heng","family":"Chiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0440-0306","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiefu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1768-6403","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xuhuai","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1376-2595","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julie","family":"Wilhelmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3979-8649","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alana M.","family":"McSween","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4049-4274","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brad A.","family":"Palanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0658-3652","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Venkata Vamsee Aditya","family":"Mallajosyula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7938-1691","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nathan A.","family":"Bracey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1020-0175","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gopal Krishna R.","family":"Dhondalay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sean N. 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