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Here, we report that the RNA binding protein FXR1, a member of the fragile X\u2013related (FXR) family, is highly expressed in late spermatids and undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to merge messenger ribonucleoprotein granules with the translation machinery to convert stored mRNAs into a translationally activated state. Germline-specific\n            <jats:italic>Fxr1<\/jats:italic>\n            ablation in mice impaired the translation of target mRNAs and caused defective spermatid development and male infertility, and a phase separation\u2013deficient FXR1\n            <jats:sup>L351P<\/jats:sup>\n            mutation in\n            <jats:italic>Fxr1<\/jats:italic>\n            knock-in mice produced the same developmental defect. These findings uncover a mechanism for translational reprogramming with LLPS as a key driver in spermiogenesis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abj6647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T17:58:26Z","timestamp":1660240706000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":185,"title":["LLPS of FXR1 drives spermiogenesis by activating translation of stored mRNAs"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"377","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5191-5217","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun-Yan","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 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