{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T21:52:37Z","timestamp":1790977957101,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6674","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Theories of planet formation predict that low-mass stars should rarely host exoplanets with masses exceeding that of Neptune. We used radial velocity observations to detect a Neptune-mass exoplanet orbiting LHS 3154, a star that is nine times less massive than the Sun. The exoplanet\u2019s orbital period is 3.7 days, and its minimum mass is 13.2 Earth masses. We used simulations to show that the high planet-to-star mass ratio (&gt;3.5 \u00d7 10\n            <jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>\n            ) is not an expected outcome of either the core accretion or gravitational instability theories of planet formation. In the core-accretion simulations, we show that close-in Neptune-mass planets are only formed if the dust mass of the protoplanetary disk is an order of magnitude greater than typically observed around very low-mass stars.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abo0233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T19:01:18Z","timestamp":1701370878000},"page":"1031-1035","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["A Neptune-mass exoplanet in close orbit around a very low-mass star challenges formation models"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"382","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7409-5688","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gu\u00f0mundur","family":"Stef\u00e1nsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, 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