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These niches, together with the meningeal lymphatic system and skull microchannels, provide multiple routes of interaction between the brain and the immune system, in addition to the blood vasculature. In this Review, we describe current ideas about brain immunity and their implications for brain aging, diseases, and immune-based therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abo7649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T13:58:23Z","timestamp":1680789503000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":390,"title":["Transforming the understanding of brain immunity"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"380","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0611-5250","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giulia","family":"Castellani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3805-3429","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Croese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9730-9001","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Javier M.","family":"Peralta Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4015-7507","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michal","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","first-page":"58","article-title":"Immunity to homologous grafted skin; the fate of skin homografts transplanted to the brain, to subcutaneous tissue, and to the anterior chamber of the eye","volume":"29","author":"Medawar P. 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