{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:31:21Z","timestamp":1792153881532,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6615","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The outbreak of monkeypox across non-endemic regions confirmed in May 2022 shows epidemiological features distinct from previously imported outbreaks, most notably its observed growth and predominance amongst men who have sex with men (MSM). We use a transmission model fitted to empirical sexual partnership data to show that the heavy-tailed sexual partnership distribution, in which a handful of individuals have disproportionately many partners, can explain the sustained growth of monkeypox among MSM despite the absence of such patterns previously. We suggest that the basic reproduction number (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) for monkeypox over the MSM sexual network may be substantially above 1, which poses challenges to outbreak containment. Ensuring support and tailored messaging to facilitate prevention and early detection among MSM with high numbers of partners is warranted.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add4507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T14:02:08Z","timestamp":1663855328000},"page":"90-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":189,"title":["Heavy-tailed sexual contact networks and monkeypox epidemiology in the global outbreak, 2022"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"378","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6377-7296","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Akira","family":"Endo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, London, UK."},{"name":"The Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, London, UK."},{"name":"School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7219-5981","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Murayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8057-8037","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sam","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, London, UK."},{"name":"The Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, London, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4978-6668","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ruwan","family":"Ratnayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, London, UK."},{"name":"The Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, London, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0701-7860","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carl A. B.","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, London, UK."},{"name":"The Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, London, UK."},{"name":"South African DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9179-2917","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"W. John","family":"Edmunds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, London, UK."},{"name":"The Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, London, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5574-251X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Fearon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, London, UK."},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, London, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2842-3406","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Funk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, London, UK."},{"name":"The Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, London, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Epidemiological update: Monkeypox outbreak (ECDC 2022); https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/news-events\/epidemiological-update-monkeypox-outbreak."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200422"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization Multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries (WHO 2022); https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/disease-outbreak-news\/item\/2022-DON385."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"M. 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