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Human, chimpanzee, and gorilla MTG showed highly similar cell-type composition and laminar organization as well as a large shift in proportions of deep-layer intratelencephalic-projecting neurons compared with macaque and marmoset MTG. Microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes had more-divergent expression across species compared with neurons or oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and neuronal expression diverged more rapidly on the human lineage. Only a few hundred genes showed human-specific patterning, suggesting that relatively few cellular and molecular changes distinctively define adult human cortical structure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ade9516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T14:00:31Z","timestamp":1697119231000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":229,"title":["Comparative transcriptomics reveals human-specific cortical features"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"382","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7906-9470","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nikolas L.","family":"Jorstad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7898-0227","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Janet H. 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