{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:28:58Z","timestamp":1791203338078,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6767","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/page\/science-licenses-journal-article-reuse"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Negative feedback between climate and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            ), mediated by the weathering of silicate minerals on land, is thought to provide the primary regulation of Earth\u2019s climate on geological timescales. By contrast, we found that faster feedbacks involving organic matter are not only critical to Earth system recovery but can also create unexpected instability. Our Earth system model experiments show how sedimentary organic carbon burial, amplified by redox-sensitive phosphorus regeneration, can outweigh silicate weathering and paradoxically drive climate overcooling in response to massive CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            release. This instability depends on the initial balance between silicate weathering and organic carbon burial in addition to the state of global phosphorus cycling. It is most strongly expressed at intermediate ocean redox states, which may help us understand the timing of past ice ages.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adh7730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T18:01:26Z","timestamp":1758823286000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Instability in the geological regulation of Earth\u2019s climate"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"389","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5386-6746","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dominik","family":"H\u00fclse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA."},{"name":"MARUM\u2013Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2333-0128","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andy","family":"Ridgwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8181(89)90017-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(1997)025<0955:TNFMBA>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JC086iC10p09776"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2475\/ajs.283.7.641"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/97GL00168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2014GB005074"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-020-0058-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06581-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr050347q"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1066611"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"454","article-title":"Anoxia vs. productivity: What controls the formation of organic-carbon-rich sediments and sedimentary rocks?","volume":"74","author":"Pedersen T. F.","year":"1990","unstructured":"T. F. Pedersen, S. E. Calvert, Anoxia vs. productivity: What controls the formation of organic-carbon-rich sediments and sedimentary rocks? AAPG Bull. 74, 454\u2013466 (1990).","journal-title":"AAPG Bull."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(2000)28<631:AWATPP>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(94)90033-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events: Causes and consequences","volume":"55","author":"Schlanger S.","year":"1976","unstructured":"S. Schlanger, H. Jenkyns, Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events: Causes and consequences. Geol. Mijnb. 55, 3\u20134 (1976).","journal-title":"Geol. Mijnb."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/G23475A.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/G49649.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23646"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-021-00855-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GB002764"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2020.103463"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq4082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-3791(91)90026-Q"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/20659"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2010.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2003GB002039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2475\/06.2017.01"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20772"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2009GB003643"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-11-2649-2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1390"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1090110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2020.116388"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1603348113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/cp-18-1883-2022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/G38759.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-44185-5_742"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1600983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003090117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06383-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2011.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(03)00197-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1608824114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adc9430"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-022-00906-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2015GC005792"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GC000891"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16494"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JC002625"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-004-0508-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-4-957-2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-4-87-2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-6-1543-2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GB002907"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2020PA004090"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1643-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2009.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2541(99)00031-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2013.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2110\/pec.00.66.0021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2014.02.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2020GB006769"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35112-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-08-043751-6\/08153-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","unstructured":"A. Ridgwell. derpycode\/cgenie.muffin: v0.9.63. Zenodo (2025); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.17132428."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","unstructured":"A. Ridgwell. derpycode\/muffindoc: v0.9.35. Zenodo (2023); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.7545814."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","unstructured":"National Geophysical Data Center NGDC Data Announce Boulder Colo. (1993)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002EO000267"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41064-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-8252(00)00018-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2019.02.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2017.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2475\/ajs.294.1.56"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2005.11.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-5-149-2012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/91JB01898"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1357\/0022240963213745"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(93)90433-W"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-3227(96)00112-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(01)00848-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2007.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2475\/ajs.304.3.234"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2475\/08.2006.01"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2541(99)00038-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8181(02)00068-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GL021346"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2023AV001000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/22941"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1905553116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-6-375-2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gbi.12176"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2015GB005289"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-14-2713-2021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2014GB005017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691209401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2541(94)90061-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2011.01.020"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.adh7730","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.adh7730","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T18:02:24Z","timestamp":1758823344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adh7730"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6767","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.adh7730"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adh7730","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eadh7730"}}