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We illustrated the method on a two-dimensional simulation of the spin-1\/2 dipolar XY model. Through microscopic measurements of the spatial spin correlation dynamics following a quench, we extracted the dispersion relation of the elementary excitations for both ferro- and antiferromagnetic couplings. The ferromagnet exhibits elementary excitations behaving as linear spin waves, whereas in the antiferromagnet, spin waves appear to decay, suggesting the presence of strong nonlinearities. Our demonstration highlights the importance of power-law interactions on the excitation spectrum of a many-body system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adn0618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T14:00:46Z","timestamp":1750341646000},"page":"483-487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Spectroscopy of elementary excitations from quench dynamics in a dipolar XY Rydberg simulator"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"389","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1574-2440","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Institut d\u2019Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Palaiseau Cedex, 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