{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T19:01:54Z","timestamp":1791054114246,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6709","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The short-term impact of famines on death and disease is well documented, but estimating their potential long-term impact is difficult. We used the setting of the man-made Ukrainian Holodomor famine of 1932\u20131933 to examine the relation between prenatal famine and adult type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This ecological study included 128,225 T2DM cases diagnosed from 2000 to 2008 among 10,186,016 male and female Ukrainians born from 1930 to 1938. Individuals who were born in the first half-year of 1934, and hence exposed in early gestation to the mid-1933 peak famine period, had a greater than twofold likelihood of T2DM compared with that of unexposed controls. There was a dose-response relationship between severity of famine exposure and increase in adult T2DM risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adn4614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T14:06:46Z","timestamp":1723126006000},"page":"667-671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Fetal exposure to the Ukraine famine of 1932\u20131933 and adult type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"385","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0957-5973","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"L. H.","family":"Lumey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA."},{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0933-8425","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chihua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China."},{"name":"Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA."},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4632-5447","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mykola","family":"Khalangot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyiv 04114, Ukraine."},{"name":"Shupyk National Healthcare University, Kyiv 04112, Ukraine."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4944-684X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nataliia","family":"Levchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ptoukha Institute of Demography and Social Studies, Kyiv 01032, Ukraine."},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, 18057 Rostock, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3146-8509","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oleh","family":"Wolowyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Slavic, Eurasian and Eastern European Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25336\/P6FC7G"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031210-101230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0195-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4300-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"S53","article-title":"Adult glucose dysregulation after severe prenatal food restriction in the Dutch Hunger Winter: Only partial mediation by current body size","volume":"8","author":"Lumey L. H.","year":"2017","unstructured":"L. H. Lumey, C. Li, A. D. Stein, E. W. Tobi, B. T. Heijmans, Adult glucose dysregulation after severe prenatal food restriction in the Dutch Hunger Winter: Only partial mediation by current body size. J. Dev. Orig. Health Dis. 8, S53 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Dev. Orig. Health Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07244-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14142855"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00279-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e17570"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1215626110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15407\/dse2016.01.080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-S002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14623528.2020.1834741"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwac254"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0302-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"C. Li Prenatal famine exposure and later-life risk of type 2 diabetes: examining the relationship in a national longitudinal study in China. thesis Columbia University New York (2022); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7916\/zja7-2c11."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy293"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806560105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aao4364"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6592"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0301-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-021-00824-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu288"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-01974-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003810"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00383-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/nps.2019.55"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/nps.2019.52"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","unstructured":"C. Li Fetal exposure to the Ukraine famine of 1932-1933 and adult type 2 diabetes mellitus (Public data and analytical code) version 1. Zenodo (2024); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.10908173.10.5281\/zenodo.10908173"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25336\/P6KC7Q"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","unstructured":"Central Statistical Administration of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Kharkiv \u201cVital Statistics of Ukraine\u2019s Population: 1924-29\u201d (in Ukrainian) (Hospodarstvo Ukrainy 1927\u20131932)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","volume-title":"All-Union Census of the Population in 1939: Main Conclusions","author":"Polyakov Y. A.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Y. A. Polyakov, All-Union Census of the Population in 1939: Main Conclusions (Nauka, 1992) (in Russian)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","volume-title":"All-Union Census of the USSR in 1926: Ukrainian SSR","year":"1929","unstructured":"All-Union Census of the USSR in 1926: Ukrainian SSR (Central Statistical Administration of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 1929)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15407\/dse2009.02.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","volume-title":"The 1937 Soviet Census: History and Materials \/ Express Information. Series \u201cHistory of Statistics\u201d","author":"Volkov A. G.","year":"1990","unstructured":"A. G. Volkov, The 1937 Soviet Census: History and Materials \/ Express Information. Series \u201cHistory of Statistics\u201d (Moskov, 1990) (in Russian)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","volume-title":"1939 Census: Documentary Sources","author":"Simchenko I.","year":"1990","unstructured":"I. Simchenko, 1939 Census: Documentary Sources (Institute of Ethnology and Ethnic Anthropology, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1990) (in Russian)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","article-title":"All-Union Censuses in 1926, 1937, 1939: Planning and implementation (in Russian)","author":"Zhiromskaia V.","year":"1990","unstructured":"V. Zhiromskaia, All-Union Censuses in 1926, 1937, 1939: Planning and implementation (in Russian). Istor. SSSR (1990).","journal-title":"Istor. SSSR"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","volume-title":"Repressive Activities of Agencies of State Security in Ukreaine from late 1920s to 1950s","author":"Nikolskyi V.","year":"2003","unstructured":"V. Nikolskyi, Repressive Activities of Agencies of State Security in Ukreaine from late 1920s to 1950s (Donetsk National Univ. Press, 2003)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","volume-title":"Demographic History of Ukraine in the 20th Century","author":"Gladun O.","year":"2018","unstructured":"O. Gladun, Demographic History of Ukraine in the 20th Century (Ptoukha Institute of Demography and Social Studies, 2018), p. 224 (in Ukrainian)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","volume-title":"Famines in European Economic History: The Last Great European Famines Reconsidered","author":"Rudnytskyi O.","year":"2015","unstructured":"O. Rudnytskyi, N. Levchuk, O. Wolowyna, P. Shevchuk, Famines in European Economic History: The Last Great European Famines Reconsidered, D. Curran, L. Luciuk, A. G. Newby, Eds. (Routledge, 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","volume-title":"The Future of the Past: New Perspectives on Ukrainian History","author":"Plokhy S.","year":"2016","unstructured":"S. Plokhy, \u201cMapping the Great Famine\u201d in The Future of the Past: New Perspectives on Ukrainian History (Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","volume-title":"Commanders of the Great Famine: V. Molotov\u2019s and L. Kaganovich\u2019s Trips to Ukraine and the North Caucasus during the Years 1932\u201333","author":"Vasyliev V.","year":"2001","unstructured":"V. Vasyliev, Y. Shapoval, Commanders of the Great Famine: V. Molotov\u2019s and L. Kaganovich\u2019s Trips to Ukraine and the North Caucasus during the Years 1932\u201333 (Geneza, 2001) (in Ukrainian)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","volume-title":"Holodomor of 1932\u201333 in Ukraine: Documents and Materials (in Ukrainain)","author":"Pyrih R.","year":"2007","unstructured":"R. Pyrih, Holodomor of 1932\u201333 in Ukraine: Documents and Materials (in Ukrainain) (Institute of the History of Ukraine, 2007)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","volume-title":"Why are you Still Alive?","author":"Boriak T.","year":"2016","unstructured":"T. Boriak, Why are you Still Alive? (Klio, 2016) (in Ukrainian)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","volume-title":"Famine in the USSR","author":"Kondrashin V.","year":"2012","unstructured":"V. Kondrashin, Famine in the USSR, vol. 2 (MFD, 2012) (in Russian)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","volume-title":"The Years of Hunger: Soviet Agriculture, 1931\u20131933","author":"Davies R.","year":"2009","unstructured":"R. Davies, S. Wheatcroft, The Years of Hunger: Soviet Agriculture, 1931\u20131933 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2009)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1178638817741281"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","first-page":"14","article-title":"Directory of the main indicators of the activity of the endocrinological service of Ukraine for 2013","volume":"19","author":"Chornobrov A. D.","year":"2014","unstructured":"A. D. Chornobrov, Directory of the main indicators of the activity of the endocrinological service of Ukraine for 2013. Endocrinologia 19 (suppl. 1), 14\u201315 (2014) (in Ukrainian).","journal-title":"Endocrinologia"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.adn4614","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T14:08:13Z","timestamp":1723126093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adn4614"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6709","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.adn4614"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adn4614","relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1126\/science.z6yms94","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.12.02.23299317","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}