{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:31:31Z","timestamp":1790706691964,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6715","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet has contributed to global sea-level rise over the past 20 years. Yet direct observations from the 79 North Glacier (79NG) calving front reveal decreasing Atlantic Intermediate Water (AIW) temperatures below the ice tongue from 2018 to 2021, leading to reduced ocean heat transport. This is linked to a concurrent decrease in basal melt and thinning rates at the grounding line. The origin of this AIW cooling is traced to a slowdown of the large-scale ocean circulation in the Nordic Seas, driven by European atmospheric blocking that strengthens cold air advection from the central Arctic through the Fram Strait. Blocking has driven major ocean cooling events over the last 50 years and will remain crucial in affecting Northeast Greenland\u2019s glaciers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ado5008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T14:00:23Z","timestamp":1726754423000},"page":"1360-1366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Atmospheric blocking slows ocean-driven melting of Greenland\u2019s largest glacier tongue"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"385","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4449-6701","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rebecca Adam","family":"McPherson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9985-0950","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claudia","family":"Wekerle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5786-3435","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Torsten","family":"Kanzow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany."},{"name":"Faculty of Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Ionita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany."},{"name":"Forest Biometrics Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, \u0218tefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2079-4827","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Finn Ole","family":"Heukamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1284-8098","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ole","family":"Zeising","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0244-8760","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Angelika","family":"Humbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JC013605"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1855-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05301-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12854"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-11-2773-2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba7282"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.111483"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42198-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac7111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05180-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/2012AoG60A059"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2020JC016091"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2015GL064944"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-019-0529-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35413-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JC092iC07p06719"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2016GL068323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JC012462"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JPO-D-19-0085.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45650-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2020JC017080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aai8204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2023JC019915"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GL023740"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GL032675"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-15-0448.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021GL096427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JC014327"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-023-00985-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adh5158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32881"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-15-0611.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2012GL052315"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.612"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2022JC019045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-18-1333-2024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-17-2455-2023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2016.101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-020-00043-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/98RG01014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002GL015002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GL076921"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/wcd-3-377-2022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41612-023-00372-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abn9755"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009157896"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17815\/jlsrf-3-163"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","unstructured":"J. Schaffer T. Kanzow Physical oceanography processed data from moorings recovered during PS109 and PS114 on the Northeast Greenland continental shelf PANGAEA (2019); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1594\/PANGAEA.909471.10.1594\/PANGAEA.909471"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","unstructured":"R. McPherson Mooring and CTD data at the 79NG calving front Version v1 Zenodo (2024); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.10469656.10.5281\/zenodo.10469656"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","unstructured":"T. Kanzow W.-J. von Appen J. Schaffer E. K\u00f6hn T. Tsubouchi N. Wilson A. Wisotzki Physical oceanography measured with CTD\/Large volume Watersampler-system during POLARSTERN cruise PS100 (ARK-XXX\/2) PANGAEA (2017) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1594\/PANGAEA.871025.10.1594\/PANGAEA.871025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","unstructured":"T. Kanzow J. Schaffer G. Rohardt Physical oceanography during POLARSTERN cruise PS109 (ARK-XXXI\/4) PANGAEA (2018) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1594\/PANGAEA.885358.10.1594\/PANGAEA.885358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","unstructured":"W.-J. von Appen A. Beszczynska-M\u00f6ller U. Schauer E. Fahrbach Physical oceanography and current meter data from moorings F1-F14 and F15\/F16 in the Fram Strait 1997-2016 PANGAEA (2019); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1594\/PANGAEA.900883.10.1594\/PANGAEA.900883"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","unstructured":"W.-J. von Appen Physical oceanography and current meter data (including raw data) from FRAM moorings in the Fram Strait 2016-2018 PANGAEA (2019); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1594\/PANGAEA.904565.10.1594\/PANGAEA.904565"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","unstructured":"M. Hoppmann Collection of raw data from oceanographic moorings in the Fram Strait Greenland Sea and central Arctic Ocean 2018-2025 PANGAEA (2024); https:\/\/doi.pangaea.de\/10.1594\/PANGAEA.959812.pangaea.de\/10.1594\/PANGAEA.959812"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","unstructured":"O. Zeising D. Steinhage N. Neckel A. Humbert Time series of Lagrangian basal melt rates at 79\u00b0N Glacier since 2016 PANGAEA (2024) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1594\/PANGAEA.928903.10.1594\/PANGAEA.928903"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","unstructured":"R. McPherson C. Wekerle FESOM2.1 model data used in the paper \u201cAtmospheric blocking slows ocean-driven melting of Greenland\u2019s largest glacier tongue\u201d Version v1 Zenodo (2024) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13269615.10.5281\/zenodo.13269615"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-8-543-2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JPO-D-15-0184.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-10-765-2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-8-1747-2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-12-4875-2019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GL086682"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954102089000490"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-10-2117-2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1982)012<1154:OIMBCR>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1990)020<0150:IMIOCM>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","unstructured":"S. M. Griffies M. Levy A. J. Adcroft G. Danabasoglu R. W. Hallberg D. J. Jacobsen W. G. Large B. Reichl T. D. Ringler L. P. Van Roekel The Community Ocean Vertical Mixing (CVMix) project (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2018.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-12-1367-2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-12-2811-2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(2001)014<2079:PAGOHW>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/2015JoG15J073"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2151\/jmsj.2015-001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/tellusa.v42i3.11882"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-12-1367-2020"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.ado5008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T14:01:20Z","timestamp":1726754480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.ado5008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6715","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.ado5008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.ado5008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}