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We map two distinct Mendelian inheritance mechanisms to ancient (&gt;37 million years old) genus-wide structural DNA polymorphisms. The dominant haplotype for female-first flowering in\n                    <jats:italic>Juglans<\/jats:italic>\n                    contains tandem repeats of the 3\u2032 untranslated region of a gene putatively involved in trehalose-6-phosphate metabolism and is associated with increased\n                    <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene expression in developing male flowers, possibly mediated by small RNAs. The\n                    <jats:italic>Carya<\/jats:italic>\n                    locus contains ~20 syntenic genes and shows molecular signatures of sex chromosome\u2013like evolution. Inheritance mechanisms for heterodichogamy are deeply conserved, yet may occasionally turn over, as in sex determination.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ado5578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T13:59:17Z","timestamp":1735826357000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Ancient structural variants control sex-specific flowering time morphs in walnuts and hickories"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"387","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Groh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA."},{"name":"Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane C.","family":"Vik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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