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Reforming low-value carbon sources with carbon dioxide (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) offers an industrial-scale pathway for recycling waste streams into fuels and chemicals. We developed a nickel-molybdenum alloy nanocatalyst on single-crystalline magnesium oxide (NiMoCat) in pellet form on a kilogram scale suitable for high-pressure industrial reactors. Aliphatic hydrocarbons (methane,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    -butane) and aromatics (benzene, toluene) under pressurized CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    yielded quantitative syngas without methanation or undesired oxidative by-products, such as butadiene or polyaromatics. Scaled-up NiMoCat maintains activity during long-term operation and enables a two-step process involving gasification of unsorted waste followed by hybrid reforming under realistic flue gas or CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    flow. A detailed life-cycle analysis of biogas-to-dimethyl ether conversion showcases a scalable, sustainable CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    utilization compatible with current fuel and chemical infrastructures.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adp5208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T18:00:46Z","timestamp":1782410446000},"page":"1369-1374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Industrial-scale nanocrystalline Ni\u2013Mo\u2013MgO catalysts for hybrid reforming of waste to fuels"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"392","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6052-547X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seok-Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxide &amp; Organic Nanomaterials for Energy &amp; Environment (ONE) Lab, Chemistry Program, Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia."},{"name":"KAUST Catalysis Platform, PSE, KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia."},{"name":"Advanced Membranes &amp; 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