{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:38:57Z","timestamp":1791380337780,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6732","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Androgens are pleiotropic and play pivotal roles in the formation and variation of sexual phenotypes. We show that differences in circulating androgens between the three male mating morphs in ruff sandpipers are linked to 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (HSD17B2), encoded by a gene within the supergene that determines the morphs. Low-testosterone males had higher\n                    <jats:italic>HSD17B2<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression in blood than high-testosterone males, as well as in brain areas related to social behaviors and testosterone production. Derived HSD17B2 isozymes, which are absent in high-testosterone males but preferentially expressed in low-testosterone males, converted testosterone to androstenedione faster than the ancestral isozyme. Thus, a combination of evolutionary changes in regulation, sequence, and structure of a single gene introduces endocrine variation underlying reproductive phenotypes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adp5936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T13:59:23Z","timestamp":1737640763000},"page":"406-412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["A single gene orchestrates androgen variation underlying male mating morphs in ruffs"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"387","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1866-0229","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jasmine L.","family":"Loveland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Seewiesen, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6647-9868","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alex","family":"Zemella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Seewiesen, Germany."},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Biologie, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8056-5065","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vladimir M.","family":"Jovanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Biologie, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany."},{"name":"Bioinformatics Solution Center, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2730-1351","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gabriele","family":"M\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Physiology, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1481-9514","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christoph P.","family":"Sager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lindenstrasse 9, Allschwil, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2903-9681","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Biologie, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany."},{"name":"Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vair\u00e3o, Portugal."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9010-8757","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Dyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Physiology, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8900-796X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leonida","family":"Fusani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria."},{"name":"Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Gahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Seewiesen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina M.","family":"Giraldo-Deck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Seewiesen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7553-5910","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Goymann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Seewiesen, Germany."},{"name":"Department Biologie II, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried-Planegg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2670-5143","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David B.","family":"Lank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4344-4149","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Janina","family":"Tokarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Physiology, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3993-4479","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katja","family":"Nowick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Biologie, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1507-8033","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Clemens","family":"K\u00fcpper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Seewiesen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3454(04)34005-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20524"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2008.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/aru019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1997.6962"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/444602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58615"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2008.11.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2011.01903.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511542602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-022-00524-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2014.0685"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03173.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002313"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0751-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icp057"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icw050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2014.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3443"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"109","article-title":"Social behavior of the ruff Philomachus pugnax (L.)","volume":"54","author":"Hogan-Warburg A. J.","year":"1966","unstructured":"A. J. Hogan-Warburg, Social behavior of the ruff Philomachus pugnax (L.). Ardea 54, 109\u2013229 (1966).","journal-title":"Ardea"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2022.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2005.0416"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.641620"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3430"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msad224"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2005.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1218889"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24878"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14871"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2016.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.21.5.0409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2011347117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)31480-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2003.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2008.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.1011629"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009411"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2015.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105790"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-1077"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(98)00052-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-128X(96)00173-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2004.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.2001.7608"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0018-506X(89)90055-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20290"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","unstructured":"J. W. McGlothlin E. D. Ketterson in Snowbird: Integrative Biology and Evolutionary Diversity in the Junco E. D. Ketterson J. W. Atwell Eds. (Univ. of Chicago Press 2016) pp. 100\u2013119."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/evl3.240"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icx064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2019.110668"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04686-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29033-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","unstructured":"A. Zemella azemella\/Ruff_adults_RNASeq_gene_expression_2024: Update MD analysis and results v6.0.0 Zenodo (2024); https:\/\/zenodo.org\/records\/14056330."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2013.0653"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1999.0926"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853973X00076"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","volume-title":"The Chick Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates and Alternate Stains: Featuring Neuromeric Divisions and Mammalian Homologies","author":"Puelles L.","year":"2019","unstructured":"L. Puelles, M. Martinez-de-la-Torre, S. Martinez, C. Watson, G. Paxinos, The Chick Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates and Alternate Stains: Featuring Neuromeric Divisions and Mammalian Homologies (Academic Press, ed. 2, 2019).","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","volume-title":"A Stereotaxic Atlas of the Brain of the Chick (Gallus domesticus)","author":"Kuenzel W. J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"W. J. Kuenzel, M. Masson, A Stereotaxic Atlas of the Brain of the Chick (Gallus domesticus) (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00318769"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-0618(97)10023-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24649"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. A. Paul B. Beltz J. Berger-Sweeney The Nissl stain: a stain for cell bodies in brain sections. Cold Spring Harb. Protoc. 2008 prot4805 (2008). 10.1101\/2023.09.27.559771v321356903","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.prot4805"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.100685"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-006-0191-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480220205"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23275"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)91427-I"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22735"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2023.1226645"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2011.00021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24688"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1394"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","volume-title":"Genomics in the cloud: Using Docker, GATK, and WDL in Terra","author":"Van der Auwera G. A.","year":"2020","unstructured":"G. A. Van der Auwera, B. D. O\u2019Connor, Genomics in the cloud: Using Docker, GATK, and WDL in Terra (O\u2019Reilly Media, 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giab008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-0974-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.275613.121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0762-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1085"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","unstructured":"M. Carlson H. Pag\u00e8s AnnotationForge: Tools for building SQLite-based annotation data packages R package version 1.44.0 (2023); 10.18129\/B9.bioc.AnnotationForge"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","article-title":"clusterProfiler 4.0: A universal enrichment tool for interpreting omics data","volume":"2","author":"Wu T.","year":"2021","unstructured":"T. Wu, E. Hu, S. Xu, M. Chen, P. Guo, Z. Dai, T. Feng, L. Zhou, W. Tang, L. Zhan, X. Fu, S. Liu, X. Bo, G. Yu, clusterProfiler 4.0: A universal enrichment tool for interpreting omics data. Innovation 2, 100141 (2021). 34557778","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.2000.1634"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03819-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.17456.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja026939x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2015.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10822-017-0049-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty816"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm088"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msad041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.29032.2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202205135"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.adp5936","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T13:59:28Z","timestamp":1737640768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adp5936"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6732","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.adp5936"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adp5936","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}