{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:00:44Z","timestamp":1790816444111,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6714","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Today,\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/devinit.org\/resources\/poverty-trends-global-regional-and-national\/\">682 million people<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    , or 8.5% of the world\u2019s population, live in extreme poverty, which the World Bank defines as subsisting on less than $2.15 per day. The majority\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/articles?id=10.1257\/jep.32.4.173\">live in low-income and lower-middle-income countries<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    . The traditional pathway for economic development available to these countries has historically required a lot of energy; the world\u2019s richest countries frequently have the\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/analysis-which-countries-are-historically-responsible-for-climate-change\/\">highest per capita historical greenhouse gas emissions<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    and are also primarily responsible for anthropogenic climate breakdown. Lower-income countries today confront very reduced emissions budgets if catastrophic warming is to be prevented, and they are\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/gain-new.crc.nd.edu\/ranking\/vulnerability\">more vulnerable<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    to climate change\u2013related damage.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ads1902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T14:00:07Z","timestamp":1726149607000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Offsets, carbon markets, and climate and economic justice"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"385","author":[{"given":"Rohini","family":"Pande","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rohini Pande is at the Department of Economics and Economic Growth Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/full\/10.1126\/science.ads1902","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T14:00:14Z","timestamp":1726149614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.ads1902"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6714","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.ads1902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.ads1902","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eads1902"}}