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The ratcheting rate is two to four orders of magnitude lower than for coarse-grained counterparts. Its resistance results from sustained microstructural refinement through deformation-induced coherent martensitic transformations to hexagonal close-packed nanolayers within stable dislocation cells. The progressively refined microstructure mitigates cyclic softening and suppresses strain localization during stress cycling, thus reducing ratcheting strain. The gradient dislocation architecture represents a promising design for high-strength, ratcheting-resistant materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adt6666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T00:30:56Z","timestamp":1743726656000},"page":"82-88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Superior resistance to cyclic creep in a gradient structured steel"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"388","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7171-4359","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qingsong","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. 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