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In the resulting population activity, the spikes were canceled if their contributions were perpendicular to the intended movement. Mossy fibers provided a copy of the motor commands and the goal of the movement. Molecular layer interneurons transformed these inputs so that the P cell population predicted when the movement had reached the goal and should be stopped.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adu6331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T08:54:20Z","timestamp":1747990460000},"page":"869-875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A vector calculus for neural computation in the cerebellum"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"388","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7741-8689","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad Amin","family":"Fakharian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Computational Motor Control, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1206-6587","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alden M.","family":"Shoup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Computational Motor Control, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7006-9877","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paul","family":"Hage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Computational Motor Control, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8008-5829","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hisham Y.","family":"Elseweifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Computational Motor Control, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7686-2569","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Reza","family":"Shadmehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Computational Motor Control, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-024-00796-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3643"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51750-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2011.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0701-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/NECO_a_00927"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1907"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0616-21.2021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4658-05.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15693"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0136-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2118954119"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2318849121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-020-00392-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3163-16.2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.09.062"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. 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