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We sequenced the genomes of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pharus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Joinvillea<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ecdeiocolea<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Typha<\/jats:italic>\n                    species to investigate when and how these metabolic innovations evolved relative to the origin of the grass family. The\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">rho<\/jats:italic>\n                    whole-genome duplication (\u03c1WGD) within the lineage that led to the last common ancestor of all grasses contributed to the gene family expansions underlying cytosolic starch biosynthesis, whereas an earlier tandem duplication of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">phenylalanine ammonia lyase<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PAL<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gave rise to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">phenylalanine\/tyrosine ammonia lyase<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PTAL<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), which is responsible for the dual lignin biosynthesis. Integrated biochemical, functional, and structural studies, guided by phylogenomic analyses, further revealed the molecular basis of key metabolic innovations predating the evolution of grasses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adv0443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T18:00:41Z","timestamp":1787248841000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Genomes of Poaceae relatives reveal key metabolic innovations preceding the evolution of grasses"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"393","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5833-8459","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuri","family":"Takeda-Kimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI, USA."},{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2104-7292","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bethany","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2885-1635","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samuel","family":"Holden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4545-7031","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jae S.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1539-7680","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sontosh K.","family":"Deb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8079-2568","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carly","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7452-1018","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jorge","family":"El-Azaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2926-4291","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matt","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University Nguma Bada Campus, Smithfield, QLD, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6735-9531","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Lorence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalaheo, HI, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9330-2782","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcos V. 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