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In this study, we synthesized an ionic salt from C\n                    <jats:sub>60<\/jats:sub>\n                    , 4-(1\u2032,5\u2032-dihydro-1\u2032-methyl-2\u2032\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H<\/jats:italic>\n                    -[5,6] fullereno-C\n                    <jats:sub>60<\/jats:sub>\n                    -\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      I\n                      <jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    -[1,9-c]pyrrol-2\u2032-yl) phenylmethanaminium chloride (CPMAC), and used it as the electron shuttle in inverted PSCs. The CH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    head group in the CPMA cation improved the ETL interface, and the ionic nature enhanced the packing, leading to a ~threefold increase in the interfacial toughness compared with that of C\n                    <jats:sub>60<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Using CPMAC, we obtained ~26% power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) with ~2% degradation after 2100 hours of 1-sun operation at 65\u00b0C. For minimodules (four subcells, 6 square centimeters), we achieved a PCE of ~23% with &lt;9% degradation after 2200 hours of operation at 55\u00b0C.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adv4701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T13:59:31Z","timestamp":1744898371000},"page":"964-968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["C\n                    <sub>60<\/sub>\n                    -based ionic salt electron shuttle for high-performance inverted perovskite solar modules"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"388","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1007-1446","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shuai","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 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