{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:00:51Z","timestamp":1790398851858,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6793","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3241101230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3241101230"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023B1212120004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023B1212120004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Psychiatric Disorders","award":["2023B1212120004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023B1212120004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Flexible, abstract rhythm perception underpins human music, dance, and speech, but thus far, it has only been demonstrated in a few birds and mammals. In this work, we show that bumble bees also form robust abstract rhythm representations. Free-flying bees learned to discriminate two arbitrary repeating flashing light sequences, balanced to preclude the use of any local cues. Bees successfully recognized these learned rhythmic patterns at new, faster, and slower tempi. Bees trained on vibrational patterns transferred their learning to equivalent flashing light patterns, demonstrating cross-modal rhythm perception. These findings suggest that an insect brain can encode and generalize arbitrary complex temporal patterns, which suggests that abstract rhythm perception can emerge from relatively simple neural architectures and points to deep evolutionary roots for a domain\u2010general rhythm cognition across animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adz2894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T18:00:52Z","timestamp":1775152852000},"page":"93-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Flexible, abstract rhythm perception in bumble bees"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"392","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9716-2799","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zijie","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Psychiatric Disorders, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Qingzhi Diseases, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8135-6628","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew B.","family":"Barron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1637-5611","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fei","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Psychiatric Disorders, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Qingzhi Diseases, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2517-6179","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cwyn","family":"Solvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Psychiatric Disorders, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Qingzhi Diseases, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2013.00068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2018.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2020.0324"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105382"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001821"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2026130118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2020.0335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00730"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3819\/CCBR.2022.170003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01351352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.06.064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2025.0440"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-023-03414-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay8064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1965.tb01683.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03197992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/com0000202"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2010.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2023.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.12.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032345"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/com0000011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00257"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-8765.2012.01213.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2011.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1231828"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-022-01610-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-025-01734-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1314311110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","unstructured":"Z. Zeng A. B. Barron F. Peng C. Solvi Flexible abstract rhythm perception in bumblebees [Dataset] Dryad (2026). 10.5061\/dryad.b8gtht7qt"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.adz2894","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T18:01:44Z","timestamp":1775152904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adz2894"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6793","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.adz2894"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adz2894","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-14","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}