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Emerging data suggest that T cells depend on ROS for signal transduction. In this study, we show that tumors exploit this dependency, releasing antioxidant enzymes into the tumor environment to suppress T cell\u2013mediated antitumor immunity. The interstitial fluid of tumors possesses potent antioxidant activity, associated with enrichment of the antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1). Extracellular PRDX1 deprives T cells of ROS, preventing oxidative inactivation of phosphatases required for T cell receptor\u2013driven kinase signaling and effector function.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Prdx1<\/jats:italic>\n                    is up-regulated upon cancer immunoediting, and loss of PRDX1 within tumors enhances antitumor immunity and immunotherapy responses. 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