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This study investigates the diffusion of smoking behavior in adolescent friendship networks using longitudinal data from two schools (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 3154 students) in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Using Stochastic Actor\u2013Oriented Models, we simulate interventions targeting heavy smokers using various strategies (random, in-degree, eigenvector centrality) and coverage (10 to 100%). A new exponential decay model quantifies influence attenuation, revealing indirect peer influences, or spillover effects, up to three steps from targets. Targeting 10 to 30% of central individuals maximizes smoking reductions, but gains plateau beyond 40 to 50% owing to network saturation. In our analyses, the denser network exhibits broader diffusion and slower decay than the larger, sparser network. This decay metric optimizes intervention design across diverse network structures.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aea9297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T18:01:06Z","timestamp":1777572066000},"page":"506-511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Peer influence decay and behavioral diffusion in adolescent networks: A simulation approach"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"392","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4693-6424","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7911-9834","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carter T.","family":"Butts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Sociology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA."},{"name":"Departments of Statistics, Computer Science, and EECS, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9006-2587","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John R.","family":"Hipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Sociology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA."},{"name":"Departments of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0422-2829","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cynthia M.","family":"Lakon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Society, &amp; Behavior, Joe C. 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