{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:04:50Z","timestamp":1791486290556,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6820","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32HG012344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32HG012344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01HG009080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01HG009080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Founder effects can lead to strong, population-specific allele frequency differentiation, including autosomal recessive conditions. Their characterization in European-descent groups, such as the Finnish and Amish, has resulted in actionable genetic tests for each. We show that Polynesians experienced order-of-magnitude stronger cumulative founder effects during their settlement of Eastern Polynesia. Using whole-genome sequences spanning Polynesia, we show that two of the most bottlenecked populations are Hawai\u02bbi and Easter Island (Rapa Nui) and that these two most closely genetically related yet geographically distant islands were likely settled by the same ultravoyagers with earlier ancestral roots in Mangareva. We identify clinical genetic variation generated by this sequence of successive oceanic founder events, including a loss-of-function\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">FAN1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutation common in Eastern Polynesia (&gt;1%) but entirely absent from gnomAD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aec7662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:00:31Z","timestamp":1791482431000},"page":"216-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Message in a bottleneck: Nested founder effects from French Polynesia to Rapa Nui and Hawai\u02bbi"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"394","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9633-6695","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cole","family":"Shanks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2471-0531","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Edward C.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9583-4425","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christophe","family":"Thomassin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Katrin","family":"Emde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Variant Bio, Seattle, WA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vahinetua","family":"Rodi\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la Sant\u00e9 de Polyn\u00e9sie Fran\u00e7aise, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia."},{"name":"Lille Catholic University and Research Department, H\u00f4pital Saint-Philibert, Lille, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8217-9950","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mauricio","family":"Moraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile."},{"name":"Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6175-2463","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karla","family":"Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Cinvestav Sede Sur, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0844-8726","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tony","family":"Merriman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8395-826X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tristan","family":"Pascart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Lille Catholic University, Lille, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8329-8292","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Moreno-Estrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Cinvestav Sede Sur, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0707-2133","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephane E.","family":"Castel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Variant Bio, Seattle, WA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4215-5273","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Keolu","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4735-7803","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander G.","family":"Ioannidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.049490"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/423146"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03902-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-021-01203-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06045-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.14148"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Genetic Testing (Aetna 2025); https:\/\/www.aetna.com\/cpb\/medical\/data\/100_199\/0140.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028936"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00012-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06957-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-75391-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Bonet M. Comajoan Cara M. Barrab\u00e9s R. Smeriglio D. Agrawal K. Aounallah M. Geleta A. Dominguez Mantes C. Thomassin C. Shanks E. C. Huang M. Franquesa Mon\u00e9s A. Luis J. Saurina M. Perera C. L\u00f3pez B. O. Sabat J. Abante S. Moreno-Grau D. Mas Montserrat A. G. Ioannidis snputils: A High-Performance Python Library for Genetic Variation and Population Structure. bioRxiv 2026.02.28.708618 [Preprint] (2026). 10.64898\/2026.02.28.708618","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.02.28.708618"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00285-024-02146-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5406\/illinois\/9780252038297.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2015.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007385"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1913157117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1514696113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/375453"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"393","volume-title":"The Routledge Handbook of Archaeology and Globalization","author":"Weisler M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"M. Weisler, R. Walter, \u201c 7: East Polynesian connectivity\u201d in The Routledge Handbook of Archaeology and Globalization, T. Hodos, Ed. (Routledge, 2016), pp. 393\u2013410."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","unstructured":"J. Cook \u201cA Journal of the Proceedings of His Majesty\u2019s Bark Endeavour on a Voyage Round the World by Lieutenant James Cook Commander commencing the 25th of May 1768\u201323 October 1770\u201d (manuscript; fair copy written by R. Orton and signed \u201cJames Cook\u201d; State Library of New South Wales Sydney Australia; Safe 1\/71; 1770)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","volume-title":"Tahiti Nui: Change and Survival in French Polynesia, 1767\u20131945","author":"Newbury C.","year":"1980","unstructured":"C. Newbury, Tahiti Nui: Change and Survival in French Polynesia, 1767\u20131945 (Univ. Hawai\u02bbi Press, 1980)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1112563108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3917"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.112.145037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08275-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0484-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15564890801990797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","first-page":"133","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Prehistoric Oceania","author":"Rieth T.","year":"2018","unstructured":"T. Rieth, E. E. Cochrane, \u201cThe chronology of colonization in remote Oceania\u201d in The Oxford Handbook of Prehistoric Oceania, E. E. Cochrane, T. L. Hunt, Eds. (Oxford Univ. Press, 2018), pp. 133\u2013161."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"When Did the Polynesians Settle Hawai\u02bbi? A Review of 150 Years of Scholarly Inquiry and a Tentative Answer","volume":"12","author":"Kirch P. V.","year":"2011","unstructured":"P. V. Kirch, When Did the Polynesians Settle Hawai\u02bbi? A Review of 150 Years of Scholarly Inquiry and a Tentative Answer. Hawaii. Archaeol. 12, 3\u201327 (2011).","journal-title":"Hawaii. Archaeol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2487-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07881-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.25.15145"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Linguistic Subgrouping Within Polynesia: The Implications for Prehistoric Settlement","volume":"75","author":"Green R.","year":"1966","unstructured":"R. Green, Linguistic Subgrouping Within Polynesia: The Implications for Prehistoric Settlement. J. Polyn. Soc. 75, 6\u201338 (1966).","journal-title":"J. Polyn. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Prehistoric Culture in Oceania: A Symposium","author":"Sinoto Y. H.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Y. H. Sinoto, Ed., \u201cA brief overview of current knowledge on the eastward expansion of early populations in Oceania as it pertains to problems of East Polynesian settlement (with notes on the possible influence of Jomon culture in Oceania)\u201d in Prehistoric Culture in Oceania: A Symposium (Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 1979), pp. 205\u2013224."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2011.11.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520968899"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1608130113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/asi.2003.0009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13816810.2017.1309552"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08929882.2022.2111757"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.20.00831"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2020.39.28_suppl.80"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dju379"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.01.056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20220028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28665"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.278308.123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","unstructured":"C. Shanks E. Huang Message in a bottleneck: Nested founder effects from French Polynesia to Rapa Nui and Hawai\u2018i Zenodo (2026). https:\/\/zenodo.org\/records\/20399672."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06159-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay5012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18964"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2012.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4235"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-021-07949-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53260-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2021.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-246"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13742-015-0047-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa328"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.278378.123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2020.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae1071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.115.183913"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.120.303253"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Swanson A New Estimate of the Hawaiian Population for 1778 the Year of First European Contact Social Science Research Network 3917957 (2019). 10.2139\/ssrn.3917957","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3917957"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Population Trends in Hawai\u2019i Before 1778","volume":"28","author":"Dye T.","year":"1994","unstructured":"T. Dye, Population Trends in Hawai\u2019i Before 1778. Hawaii. J. Hist. 28, 1\u201320 (1994).","journal-title":"Hawaii. J. Hist."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","first-page":"1862","volume-title":"Slavers in Paradise: The Peruvian Labour Trade in Polynesia","author":"Maude H. E.","year":"1981","unstructured":"H. E. Maude, Slavers in Paradise: The Peruvian Labour Trade in Polynesia (Australian National Univ. Press, 1981), pp. 1862\u20131864."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/g3journal\/jkaf202"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.aec7662","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:01:30Z","timestamp":1791482490000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aec7662"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6820","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.aec7662"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aec7662","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-18","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}