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The cholera pathogen\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    carries a sedentary chromosomal integron (SCI), a genetic element containing hundreds of mostly promoterless gene cassettes, about 10% of which encode antiviral systems. Cassettes are thought to reshuffle under stress to the favorable first array position, yet the SCI in pandemic\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    has remained static for more than 60 years. In this study, we show that SCI diversification efficiently occurs by horizontal transfer linked to the genus\u2019s aquatic lifestyle: DNA released from lysed cells is taken up by naturally competent vibrios and integrated into the first position of the SCI array, the primary site of strong expression, where it confers resistance to phage and potentially other threats.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aed0645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T18:02:54Z","timestamp":1775757774000},"page":"194-201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Competence-mediated DNA uptake diversifies\n                    <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n                    sedentary chromosomal 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