{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:59:04Z","timestamp":1790276344993,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6818","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007000","name":"Laboratory Directed Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["018985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["018985"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007000","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011883","name":"Solar Energy Technologies Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-EE0010502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-EE0010502"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011883","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Nickel oxide (NiO\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is a common hole transport layer (HTL) in perovskite photovoltaics, but the chemical reactivity of NiOx surfaces accelerates degradation when contacting perovskites. We developed an ultrathin, conformal tin oxide (SnO\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) interlayer to suppress interfacial reactivity between NiO\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    and perovskite. SnO\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    is typically an electron transport layer, but we show that the energy alignment can be modified for hole extraction using molecules with dipoles. This synergy yielded high efficiency in perovskite photovoltaic devices and showed an ~10x improvement in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T<\/jats:italic>\n                    90 lifetime in open-circuit conditions under AM1.5G at 65\u00b0C. This structure also improves resilience to thermomechanical durability, as minimodules retained 95.7% of their initial performance after 1000 thermal cycles (\u221265\u00b0 to 85\u00b0C), highlighting the importance of interfaces for robust perovskite photovoltaic modules.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aei2836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:00:41Z","timestamp":1790272841000},"page":"1364-1368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Conformal oxides decouple chemical stability and energetics at NiO\n                    <i>\n                      <sub>x<\/sub>\n                    <\/i>\n                    \/perovskite interfaces"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"393","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5128-7780","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chenchao","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of the Rockies, Golden, CO, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1007-1446","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shuai","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of the Rockies, Golden, CO, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0392-5610","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of the Rockies, Golden, CO, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3692-6820","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ross 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