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These recapitulate major states resolved previously ex situ and reveal additional critical interaction partners, including the RNA exosome, rixosome, and nuclear export receptor CRM1-RanGTP. We further show how pre-ribosome assembly landscapes are altered upon RNA polymerase I inhibition. Our study combines molecular structures with cellular context to elucidate the spatiotemporal assembly pathway of the human ribosome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aej0483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:04:06Z","timestamp":1790273046000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In-cell structures visualize human pre-ribosome assembly in the nucleolus"],"prefix":"10.1126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3655-3507","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Systems Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany."},{"name":"Candidate for joint PhD degree from EMBL and Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 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