{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T12:30:14Z","timestamp":1792845014216,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":173,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"69","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci. Immunol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Transforming growth factor\u2013\u03b21 (TGF-\u03b21) is inextricably linked to regulatory T cell (T\n                    <jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) biology. However, precisely untangling the role for TGF-\u03b21 in T\n                    <jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub>\n                    differentiation and function is complicated by the pleiotropic and context-dependent activity of this cytokine and the multifaceted biology of T\n                    <jats:sub>regs<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Among CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, T\n                    <jats:sub>regs<\/jats:sub>\n                    are the major producers of latent TGF-\u03b21 and are uniquely able to activate this cytokine via expression of cell surface docking receptor glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) and \u03b1v integrins. Although a preponderance of evidence indicates no essential roles for T\n                    <jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub>\n                    -derived TGF-\u03b21 in T\n                    <jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub>\n                    immunosuppression, TGF-\u03b21 signaling is crucial for T\n                    <jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub>\n                    development in the thymus and periphery. Furthermore, active TGF-\u03b21 instructs the differentiation of other T cell subsets, including T\n                    <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                    17 cells. Here, we will review TGF-\u03b21 signaling in T\n                    <jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub>\n                    development and function and discuss knowledge gaps, future research, and the TGF-\u03b21\/T\n                    <jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub>\n                    axis in the context of cancer immunotherapy and fibrosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abi4613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T13:58:20Z","timestamp":1647611900000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":244,"title":["Transforming growth factor\u2013\u03b21 in regulatory T cell biology"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1227-1508","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joshua M.","family":"Moreau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3062-9777","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria","family":"Velegraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center\u2014James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Bolyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center\u2014James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0462-5732","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael D.","family":"Rosenblum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4603-927X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zihai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center\u2014James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, 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