{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T22:38:42Z","timestamp":1787783922558,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"84","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Immunol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Pathogen-specific CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cell responses restricted by the nonpolymorphic nonclassical class Ib molecule human leukocyte antigen E (HLA-E) are rarely reported in viral infections. The natural HLA-E ligand is a signal peptide derived from classical class Ia HLA molecules that interact with the NKG2\/CD94 receptors to regulate natural killer cell functions, but pathogen-derived peptides can also be presented by HLA-E. Here, we describe five peptides from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that elicited HLA-E\u2013restricted CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cell responses in convalescent patients with coronavirus disease 2019. These T cell responses were identified in the blood at frequencies similar to those reported for classical HLA-Ia\u2013restricted anti\u2013SARS-CoV-2 CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells. HLA-E peptide\u2013specific CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cell clones, which expressed diverse T cell receptors, suppressed SARS-CoV-2 replication in Calu-3 human lung epithelial cells. SARS-CoV-2 infection markedly down-regulated classical HLA class I expression in Calu-3 cells and primary reconstituted human airway epithelial cells, whereas HLA-E expression was not affected, enabling T cell recognition. Thus, HLA-E\u2013restricted T cells could contribute to the control of SARS-CoV-2 infection alongside classical T cells.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abl8881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T17:58:12Z","timestamp":1688147892000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["HLA-E\u2013restricted SARS-CoV-2\u2013specific T cells from convalescent COVID-19 patients suppress virus replication despite HLA class Ia down-regulation"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4451-6765","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hongbing","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK."},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Old Road Campus, Oxford, 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