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Here, we find that tonic signals from fungal colonization induce sustained granulopoiesis through a mechanism distinct from emergency granulopoiesis, leading to a prolonged expansion of circulating neutrophils that promotes immunity. Fungal colonization after either rewilding or oral inoculation of laboratory mice with\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    induced persistent expansion of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow. This increase in granulopoiesis conferred greater long-term protection from bloodstream infection by gram-positive bacteria than by the trained immune response evoked by transient exposure to the fungal cell wall component \u03b2-glucan. Consequently, introducing fungi into laboratory mice may restore aspects of leukocyte development and provide a better model for humans and free-living mammals that are constantly exposed to environmental fungi.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.add6910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T14:03:29Z","timestamp":1687529009000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Rewilding of laboratory mice enhances granulopoiesis and immunity through intestinal fungal colonization"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6720-8610","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ying-Han","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New\u00a0York University Grossman School of Medicine, New\u00a0York, NY 10016, 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