{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T08:44:16Z","timestamp":1789548256776,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"94","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Immunol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Vaccine adjuvants increase the breadth of serum antibody responses, but whether this is due to the generation of antigen-specific B cell clones with distinct specificities or the maturation of memory B cell clones that produce broadly cross-reactive antibodies is unknown. Here, we longitudinally analyzed immune responses in healthy adults after two-dose vaccination with either a virus-like particle COVID-19 vaccine (CoVLP), CoVLP adjuvanted with AS03 (CoVLP+AS03), or a messenger RNA vaccination (mRNA-1273). CoVLP+AS03 enhanced the magnitude and durability of circulating antibodies and antigen-specific CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell and memory B cell responses. Antigen-specific CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells in the CoVLP+AS03 group at day 42 correlated with antigen-specific memory B cells at 6 months. CoVLP+AS03 induced memory B cell responses, which accumulated somatic hypermutations over 6 months, resulting in enhanced neutralization breadth of monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, the fraction of broadly neutralizing antibodies encoded by memory B cells increased between day 42 and 6 months. These results indicate that AS03 enhances the antigenic breadth of B cell memory at the clonal level and induces progressive maturation of the B cell response.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adi8039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T13:58:23Z","timestamp":1712325503000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["AS03 adjuvant enhances the magnitude, persistence, and clonal breadth of memory B cell responses to a plant-based COVID-19 vaccine in humans"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9255-1453","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lilit","family":"Grigoryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, 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