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Here, we comprehensively map immune responses during controlled human\n            <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n            infection using male or female cercariae. Immune responses to male or female parasite single-sex infection were comparable. An early T\n            <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n            1-biased inflammatory response was observed at week 4 after infection, which was particularly apparent in individuals experiencing symptoms of acute schistosomiasis. By week 8 after infection, inflammatory responses were followed by an expansion of T\n            <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n            2 and regulatory cell subsets. This study demonstrates the shift from T\n            <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n            1 to both T\n            <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n            2 and regulatory responses, typical of chronic schistosomiasis, in the absence of egg production and provides immunological insight into the clinical manifestations of acute schistosomiasis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adl1965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T17:59:57Z","timestamp":1720202397000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Early symptom-associated inflammatory responses shift to type 2 responses in controlled human schistosome infection"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0448-6055","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emma L.","family":"Houlder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0982-4439","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Koen A.","family":"Stam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1335-9402","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jan Pieter R.","family":"Koopman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9892-218X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marion H.","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3720-1522","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marijke C. 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