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Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that clusters of activated B cells and B1\/marginal zone\u2013like B cells were overrepresented in the CNS and identified B cells poised for undergoing germinal center reactions and clonal expansion in the CNS. Using intravital imaging to directly visualize T\n                    <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                    17\u2013B cell interactions, we demonstrated that T and B cells form long-lasting antigen-specific contacts in meningeal eLFs that result in reactivation of autoreactive T cells. CNS T cells depended on CNS B cells to maintain a proinflammatory cytokine profile. Our study reveals that extensive T\u2013B cell cooperation occurs in meningeal eLFs, promoting both B cell differentiation and T cell reactivation, and may thereby propagate smoldering inflammation in the CNS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adn2784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T13:59:08Z","timestamp":1745589548000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["T\u2013B cell cooperation in ectopic lymphoid follicles propagates CNS autoimmunity"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6020-7746","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna","family":"Kolz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany."},{"name":"Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, 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