{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T07:07:28Z","timestamp":1784099248943,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"106","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Immunol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Few studies have tracked human CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cell clones through repeated infections. We used longitudinal single-cell RNA and T cell receptor (TCR) tracking to study the functional stability and memory potential of CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cell clonotypes during repeated\n            <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n            ) infections in Ugandan children and adults. Nearly all clonotypes displayed a strong preference for one of seven CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            subsets. This phenomenon of \u201cclonal fidelity\u201d was influenced by clonal expansion, linking T cell polarization and proliferation in vivo. Using clone tracking, we characterized subset-specific activation trajectories and identified antigen-specific clones. Type 1 regulatory T (T\n            <jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub>\n            1) cells accounted for nearly 90% of\n            <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n            -specific CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells in blood. Tracking these clones longitudinally for hundreds of days, we observed malaria-induced expansion of T\n            <jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub>\n            1 effectors, long-term persistence of T\n            <jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub>\n            1 memory cells, and high-fidelity recall responses after reinfection. This work establishes clonal fidelity as a natural phenomenon and demonstrates the stable, long-term memory potential of T\n            <jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub>\n            1 cells.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.ads2957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T17:59:08Z","timestamp":1745603948000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Clone tracking through repeated malaria identifies high-fidelity memory CD4 T cell responses"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4421-8656","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jason","family":"Nideffer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA."},{"name":"Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, 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