{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T01:46:20Z","timestamp":1788572780043,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"107","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Immunol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells are indispensable for optimal immunity to\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M.tb<\/jats:italic>\n            ), a pathogen that triggers tuberculosis (TB) in humans.\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M.tb<\/jats:italic>\n            -specific human CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells are known to polarize toward an interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3)\u2013producing, CCR4\n            <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            CCR6\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            CXCR3\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T-bet\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            ROR\u03b3T\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T helper 1* cell (T\n            <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n            1*cell) memory phenotype. We report that autosomal recessive deficiency of the human lymphocytic surface receptor LY9 (SLAMF3 and CD229), which is found in less than 10\n            <jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\n            individuals in the general population, underlies TB in three unrelated patients due to selective impairment in IFN-\u03b3 production by T\n            <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n            1* cells. T\n            <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n            1* cells express higher levels of LY9 than other CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells. Mechanistically, LY9 polarizes na\u00efve CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells toward memory T\n            <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n            1* cells by inducing T-bet via signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)\u2013associated protein (SAP) and ROR\u03b3T (thymus-specific retinoid-related orphan receptor \u03b3) without SAP. LY9 costimulation enhances TCR-driven IFN-\u03b3 production of memory T\n            <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n            1*, but not T\n            <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n            1, cells in a T cell\u2013intrinsic manner via NFAT1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells 1) and ROR\u03b3T. LY9 is likely to govern an optimal T\n            <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n            1* cell\u2013 and IFN-\u03b3\u2013dependent protective immunity to\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M.tb<\/jats:italic>\n            in humans.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.ads7377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T17:59:00Z","timestamp":1748627940000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Human LY9 governs CD4\n            <sup>+<\/sup>\n            T cell IFN-\u03b3 immunity to\n            <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2421-7389","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Masato","family":"Ogishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA."},{"name":"David Rockefeller Graduate Program, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0284-3629","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julia","family":"Puchan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4427-2158","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s Augusto","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA."},{"name":"Inborn Errors of Immunity Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Medellin, Colombia."},{"name":"School of Microbiology, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1112-9320","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ji Eun","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0709-3636","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tina","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia."},{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0348-3223","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rebeca","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-C\u00f3zar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Conil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France."},{"name":"Imagine Institute, Paris Cit\u00e9 University, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoann","family":"Seeleuthner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France."},{"name":"Imagine Institute, Paris Cit\u00e9 University, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8851-7730","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Darawan","family":"Rinchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6129-567X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khoren","family":"Ponsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4920-3947","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthieu","family":"Chaldebas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2393-1700","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8573-6820","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna-Lena","family":"Neehus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France."},{"name":"Imagine Institute, Paris Cit\u00e9 University, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4772-0799","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ottavia M.","family":"Delmonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7917-8965","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Taushif","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Immunology, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Landegren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden."},{"name":"Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5473-3312","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0458-9484","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Bohlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France."},{"name":"Imagine Institute, Paris Cit\u00e9 University, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica N.","family":"Peel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9900-3001","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Iris","family":"Fagniez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3119-662X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Simon J.","family":"Pelham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 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