{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T05:02:44Z","timestamp":1791435764633,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"115","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI170014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI170014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI141222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI141222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Immunol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Respiratory viral infection induces depletion and dysfunction of alveolar macrophages (AMs), resulting in high-susceptibility to life-threatening bacterial pneumonia. Colonization of the intestine by segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) reprograms AM to resist depletion. Hence, we examined whether SFB protected mice against secondary bacterial infection by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , or\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    after influenza A virus (IAV) infection. SFB protected mice against these infections based on pathogen loads and disease symptoms. AM depletion and transplant indicated that SFB-induced AM reprogramming was necessary and sufficient for such protection. Ex vivo analysis revealed that AMs from SFB-colonized mice not only resisted IAV-induced depletion but also were epigenetically reprogrammed to preferentially use oxidative phosphorylation and complement-dependent phagocytosis, which enabled efficient killing of bacteria. AM from SFB-colonized mice held their enhanced antibacterial phenotype even when transplanted into an inflamed interferon-rich post\u2013IAV environment. Thus, gut microbiota composition influences susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia, especially after respiratory viral infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adt8858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T18:58:28Z","timestamp":1767380308000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Segmented filamentous bacteria reprogramming of alveolar macrophages limits postinfluenza bacterial pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9820-0443","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vu L.","family":"Ngo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta GA 30303, USA."},{"name":"Center for Inflammation, Immunity &amp; Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta GA 30303, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6845-2746","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carolin M.","family":"Lieber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta GA 30303, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3066-8584","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hirohito","family":"Abo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta GA 30303, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2310-3590","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michal","family":"Kuczma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Inflammation, Immunity &amp; Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta GA 30303, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Inflammation, Immunity &amp; Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta GA 30303, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2034-2107","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard K.","family":"Plemper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta GA 30303, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6338-7578","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew T.","family":"Gewirtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta GA 30303, USA."},{"name":"Center for Inflammation, Immunity &amp; 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