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Here, using\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    sporozoites (SPZs) as a model, we investigated the formation of protective antibody responses against the circumsporozoite protein (CSP), a vaccine antigen expressed on the surfaces of SPZs. CSP-specific B cells took up CSP and bystander surface antigens during SPZ immunization and could obtain both intramolecular and intermolecular T cell help. Furthermore, prior exposure to blood-stage parasites\u2014which predominantly share internal but not surface antigens with SPZs\u2014can hinder the generation of anti-CSP antibodies. Thus, spatial relationships between the target antigens can affect CD4 T cell help to B cells. These data show how B cells obtain antigen for presentation to T cells and why malaria-exposed individuals have impaired antibody responses to CSP.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adw0415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T18:58:12Z","timestamp":1762541892000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["B cells targeting parasites capture spatially linked antigens to secure T cell help"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5927-2241","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xin","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, 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