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Immunol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Humoral immunity, mediated by B cells that mature in germinal centers in lymph nodes (LNs), is essential for adaptive immune responses, but its role in antitumor immunity and responses to immunotherapy remain unclear. Here, we show that activation of B cells in tumor-draining deep cervical LNs (dcLNs) is necessary for the efficacy of CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte\u2013associated protein 4) immune checkpoint blockade in glioma in vivo. Anti\u2013CTLA-4 therapy enhanced T follicular helper cell (T\n                    <jats:sub>FH<\/jats:sub>\n                    cell) expansion in dcLNs, leading to germinal center B cell responses, immunoglobulin G (IgG) class switching, and the generation of glioma-reactive antibodies. Glioma-bearing mice lacking antibody-secreting cells did not benefit from CTLA-4 blockade. Distally secreted IgG accumulated in the tumor microenvironment and promoted glioma cell phagocytosis in vivo. These findings define a B cell\u2013dependent mechanism underlying CTLA-4\u2013mediated control of glioma and provide a conceptual framework for future therapeutic strategies in tumor.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adz2494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T17:58:24Z","timestamp":1783706304000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The efficacy of immunotherapy in glioma requires distal B cell responses in tumor-draining lymph nodes"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1648-6370","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yumin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Host Defenses, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of 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