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Immunol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Successful early pregnancy depends on coordinated interactions between the placenta and maternal immune cells, but the mechanisms underlying this interplay remain incompletely understood. Placenta-derived extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) invade the decidua basalis and remodel maternal vessels, yet the contribution of neutrophils to this process is unclear. Here, we analyzed first-trimester human decidual tissue together with blood samples and identified decidual fibrinoid-associated neutrophils (dFANs) localized to Rohr\u2019s layer, a fibrinoid matrix between the decidua proper and the intervillous space. Flow cytometry and mass cytometry showed that dFANs differ phenotypically from donor-matched peripheral blood neutrophils (PBNs). Functionally, dFANs secreted high levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and promoted EVT invasion, whereas PBNs induced EVT apoptosis. dFAN-derived MMP-9 enhanced activation of latent transforming growth factor-\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2), which suppressed PBN cytotoxicity and shifted PBNs toward an MMP-9\u2013hypersecretory, proinvasive state. These findings define a dFAN-dependent MMP-9\u2013TGF-\u03b2 axis that supports invasive placentation at the maternal-fetal interface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aea4118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:58:07Z","timestamp":1790359087000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fibrinoid-associated neutrophils promote invasive placentation and neutrophil reprogramming at the maternal-fetal interface"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5529-9378","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna-Lena","family":"H\u00f6bler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Maternal-Fetal Immunology Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 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