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Immunol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Mitochondrial metabolism modulates immune cell signaling, yet how individual electron transport chain complexes fine-tune dendritic cell (DC) function remains unclear. Here, we identify mitochondrial complex I (CI) as a critical metabolic checkpoint controlling antigen cross-presentation by DCs in mice. Deficiency of the CI subunit NDUFS4 in DCs led to the formation of a nonfunctional CI subcomplex, resulting in mildly impaired mitochondrial respiration without triggering a compensatory glycolytic shift. NDUFS4 deficiency limited endosomal escape of internalized antigens, thereby impairing antigen cross-presentation while largely preserving direct presentation. CI dysfunction lowered the NAD\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/NADH ratio, concomitant with decreased ATP levels, and diminished neutral lipid storage and lipid peroxidation. Restoration of the NAD\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/NADH ratio rescued cross-presentation in NDUFS4-deficient DCs. NDUFS2-deficient DCs showed similar defects in cross-presentation, which were also rescued by rebalancing the NAD\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/NADH ratio. Together, these findings reveal a link between mitochondrial CI integrity, NAD\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -driven redox metabolism, and antigen cross-presentation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aef0098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T17:58:15Z","timestamp":1779472695000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mitochondrial complex I activity promotes antigen cross-presentation in dendritic cells"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7333-789X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sof\u00eda C.","family":"Khouili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunobiology Laboratory. 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