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In a cohort of women, 64% of patients with endometriosis but &lt;10% of controls were found to have\n                    <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    infiltration in the endometrium. Immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses revealed that activated transforming growth factor\u2013\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) signaling resulting from\n                    <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection of endometrial cells led to the transition from quiescent fibroblasts to transgelin (TAGLN)\u2013positive myofibroblasts, which gained the ability to proliferate, adhere, and migrate in vitro.\n                    <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    inoculation in a syngeneic mouse model of endometriosis resulted in a marked increase in TAGLN-positive myofibroblasts and increased number and weight of endometriotic lesions. Furthermore, antibiotic treatment largely prevented establishment of endometriosis and reduced the number and weight of established endometriotic lesions in the mouse model. Our data support a mechanism for the pathogenesis of endometriosis via\n                    <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection and suggest that eradication of this bacterium could be an approach to treat endometriosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.add1531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T13:58:28Z","timestamp":1686751108000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":177,"title":["<i>Fusobacterium<\/i>\n                    infection facilitates the development of endometriosis through the phenotypic transition of endometrial fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2203-0844","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ayako","family":"Muraoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of 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