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We find that peripheral axonal injury drives fragmentation of sleep by increasing brief arousals from non\u2013rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) without changing total sleep amount. In contrast to neuropathic pain, inflammatory or chemical pain did not increase brief arousals. NREMS fragmentation was reduced by the analgesics gabapentin and carbamazepine, and it resolved when pain sensitivity returned to normal in a transient neuropathic pain model (sciatic nerve crush). Genetic silencing of peripheral sensory neurons or ablation of CGRP\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            neurons in the parabrachial nucleus prevented sleep fragmentation, whereas pharmacological blockade of skin sensory fibers was ineffective, indicating that the neural activity driving the arousals originates ectopically in primary nociceptor neurons and is relayed through the lateral parabrachial nucleus. These findings identify NREMS fragmentation by brief arousals as an effective proxy to measure spontaneous neuropathic pain in mice.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adg3036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T17:58:38Z","timestamp":1713376718000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Nociceptor spontaneous activity is responsible for fragmenting non\u2013rapid eye movement sleep in mouse models of neuropathic pain"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2191-7545","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chloe","family":"Alexandre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, 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