{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:04:47Z","timestamp":1792739087588,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"766","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Transl. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in acute damage and triggers secondary injury responses with sustained neuronal loss and dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanisms for these delayed neuronal pathologies are not entirely understood. SCI results in the swelling of spinal neurons, but the contribution of cell swelling to neuronal loss and functional deficits after SCI has not been systematically characterized. In this study, we devised a three-dimensional image analysis pipeline to evaluate spinal neurons, examining their types, quantities, volumes, and spatial distribution in a double-lateral hemisection SCI mouse model. We found that both excitatory and inhibitory neurons swell and are lost, albeit with distinct temporal patterns. Inhibitory neurons demonstrated marked swelling and decline in number on day 2 after SCI, which resolved by day 14. In contrast, excitatory neurons maintained persistent swelling and continued cell loss for at least 35 days after SCI in mice. Excitatory neurons exhibited sustained expression of the Na\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            -K\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            -Cl\n            <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), whereas inhibitory neurons down-regulated the protein by day 14 after SCI. Treatment with a Food and Drug Administration\u2013approved NKCC1 inhibitor, bumetanide, mitigated swelling of excitatory neurons and reduced their loss in the secondary injury phase after SCI. The administration of bumetanide after SCI in mouse improved locomotor recovery, with functional benefits persisting for at least 4 weeks after treatment cessation. This study advances our understanding of SCI-related pathology and introduces bumetanide as a potential treatment to mitigate sustained neuronal swelling and enhance recovery after SCI.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adn7095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T21:20:39Z","timestamp":1727299239000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Reduction of prolonged excitatory neuron swelling after spinal cord injury improves locomotor recovery in mice"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0984-1514","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qiang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7230-8325","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Moth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5160-315X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junkui","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6544-3820","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jia Yi","family":"Liew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8279-4081","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tiffany","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4889-1411","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhiyun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"F. 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Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2358-972X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Melissa","family":"Henwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4813-8925","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Philip","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3814-2509","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1973.38.6.0693"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3543"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2007.22.5.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70055-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.03.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2007.22.5.6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181a05d41"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. 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