{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:07:01Z","timestamp":1790777221019,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"761","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Transl. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Although vaccines have reduced the burden of COVID-19, their efficacy in helminth infection\u2013endemic areas is not well characterized. We evaluated the impact of infection by\n                    <jats:italic>Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Hpb), a murine intestinal roundworm, on the efficacy of an mRNA vaccine targeting the Wuhan-1 spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in mice. Although immunization generated similar B cell responses in Hpb-infected and uninfected mice, polyfunctional CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell responses were markedly reduced in Hpb-infected mice. Hpb-infected and mRNA-vaccinated mice were protected against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain WA1\/2020, but control of lung infection was diminished against an Omicron variant compared with animals immunized without Hpb infection. Helminth-mediated suppression of spike protein\u2013specific CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell responses occurred independently of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) signaling, whereas blockade of interleukin-10 (IL-10) rescued vaccine-induced CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell responses. Together, these data show that, in mice, intestinal helminth infection impaired vaccine-induced T cell responses through an IL-10 pathway, which compromised protection against antigenically drifted SARS-CoV-2 variants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ado1941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]],"date-time":"2024-08-21T18:26:29Z","timestamp":1724264789000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Intestinal helminth infection impairs vaccine-induced T cell responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4697-9475","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pritesh","family":"Desai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9950-2155","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Courtney E.","family":"Karl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9344-9004","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Baoling","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4624-7212","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chieh-Yu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0170-9965","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tamara","family":"Garcia-Salum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30317, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30317, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7771-1490","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Felipe","family":"ten-Caten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30317, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1590-8869","authenticated-orcid":true,"family":"Joseph F. Urban Jr.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, and Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6250-9679","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sayda M.","family":"Elbashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darin K.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3127-3138","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Susan P.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30317, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9380-6569","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Larissa B.","family":"Thackray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7816-4828","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rafick P.","family":"Sekaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30317, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA."},{"name":"Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8791-3165","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael S.","family":"Diamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA."},{"name":"Andrew M. and Jane M. 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