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We found that these hNRSCs reside in the peripheral retina in the ciliary marginal zone, exhibiting substantial self-renewal and differentiation potential. We conducted single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses of human retinal organoids (hROs) and revealed that hROs contain a population of hNRSCs with similar transcriptional profiles and developmental trajectories to hNRSCs in the fetal retina potentially capable of regenerating all retinal cells. Furthermore, we identified crucial transcription factors, such as\n            <jats:italic>MECOM<\/jats:italic>\n            , governing hNRSC commitment to neural retinogenesis and regulating repair processes in hROs. hRO-derived hNRSCs transplanted into the rd10 mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa differentiated and were integrated into the retina, alleviated retinal degeneration, and improved visual function. Overall, our work identifies and characterizes a distinct category of retinal stem cells from human retinas, underscoring their regenerative potential and promise for transplantation therapy.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adp6864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T18:15:38Z","timestamp":1743012938000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Identification and characterization of human retinal stem cells capable of retinal regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0444-5579","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China."},{"name":"Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, 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