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We have previously reported that patients with postinfectious Lyme arthritis often harbor the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the Lyme disease agent, in the synovial fluid of their inflamed joints after treatment. However, it is not yet known how\n                    <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    PG persists, in what form, or if it may play a role in other postinfectious complications after Lyme disease. Using a murine model, we developed a real-time in vivo system to track\n                    <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    PG as a function of cell wall chemistry and validated our findings using both molecular and cellular approaches. Unlike typical bacterial PG, the unique chemical properties of polymeric\n                    <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    PG drive murine liver accumulation, where the cell wall material persists for weeks. Kupffer cells and hepatocytes phagocytose and retain\n                    <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    PG and, although liver occupancy coincides with minimal pathology, both organ-specific and secreted protein profiles produced under these conditions bear some similarities to reported proteins enriched in patients with chronic illness after acute infection. Moreover, transcriptomic profiling indicated that\n                    <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    PG affects energy metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into how a pathogenic molecule can persist after agent clearance, potentially contributing to illness after infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adr2955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T13:59:17Z","timestamp":1745416757000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The peptidoglycan of\n                    <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>\n                    can persist in discrete tissues and cause systemic responses consistent with chronic illness"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9071-540X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mecaila E.","family":"McClune","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA."},{"name":"Human Center for Immunobiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA."},{"name":"Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3547-6933","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Osamudiamen","family":"Ebohon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA."},{"name":"Human Center for Immunobiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA."},{"name":"Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5460-8968","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jules M.","family":"Dressler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA."},{"name":"Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisela M.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juselyn D.","family":"Tupik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7726-0466","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert B.","family":"Lochhead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2153-738X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carmen J.","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5268-9853","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Allen C.","family":"Steere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7989-1031","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brandon L.","family":"Jutras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA."},{"name":"Human Center for Immunobiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA."},{"name":"Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA."},{"name":"Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2702.202731"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2702.202728"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"16090","volume":"2","author":"Steere A. 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